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991.
Christian J. Resick Paul J. Hanges Marcus W. Dickson Jacqueline K. Mitchelson 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,63(4):345-359
The western-based leadership and ethics literatures were reviewed to identify the key characteristics that conceptually define
what it means to be an ethical leader. Data from the Global Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness (GLOBE) project were
then used to analyze the degree to which four aspects of ethical leadership – Character/Integrity, Altruism, Collective Motivation, and Encouragement – were endorsed as important for effective leadership across cultures. First, using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses
measurement equivalence of the ethical leadership scales was found, which provides indication that the four dimensions have
similar meaning across cultures. Then, using analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests each of the four dimensions were found to
be universally endorsed as important for effective leadership. However, cultures also varied significantly in the degree of
endorsement for each dimension. In the increasingly global business environment, these findings have implications for organizations
implementing ethics programs across cultures and preparing leaders for expatriate assignments.
Christian J. Resick is Assistant Professor of Industrial and Organizational Psychology at Florida International University.
His research is aimed at understanding how people interact with and influence various aspects of their work environments,
including cultures, climates, leaders, and teammates along with the implications for various aspects of organizational behavior.
A particular focus of Christian’s work examines ethical leadership and the critical linkages between leadership and organizational
ethics. He received his Ph.D. from Wayne State University.
Paul J. Hanges is a professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland and the head of the Industrial/Organizational
Psychology program in the department. He is an affiliate of the Cognitive Psychology program and the R. H. Smith School of
Business. Paul’s research focuses on three topics (a) social cognition, leadership, and cross-cultural issues; (b) personnel
selection, test fairness, and racial/gender discrimination; and (c) research methodology. He is on the editorial board of
the Journal of Applied Psychology and The Leadership Quarterly and is a fellow of the Society of Industrial and Organizational
Psychology and the American Psychological Association.
Marcus W. Dickson is Associate Professor of I/O Psychology at Wayne State University in Detroit. His research generally focuses
on issues of leadership and culture (both organizational and societal), and the interaction of those constructs. He is a former
Co-Principal Investigator of the GLOBE Project, and his work has appeared in Journal of Applied Psychology, Applied Psychology:
An International Review, and The Leadership Quarterly, among others.
Jacqueline K. Mitchelson is a doctoral candidate in Industrial and Organizational Psychology at Wayne State University. Her
current research areas are leadership, organizational culture, individual differences and work-family conflict. 相似文献
992.
Corporate governance guidelines are a mechanism that a firm can enact which should reduce agency costs and better align the
interests of boards and the suppliers of capital. This study examines stock price reactions primarily attributable to institutional
investors occurring when corporations announce the enactment of corporate governance guidelines. A final sample of 77 firms
was derived from the first announcement of corporate governance guidelines exclusive to the SEC-EDGAR database. The results
indicate that good governance does matter. Firms that announced the enactment of corporate governance guidelines experienced
increased stock prices following the announcements. There was an immediate (days 1–4) reaction for firms that provided all
or part of the guidelines’ substance; a delayed (days 8–10) reaction occurred for those firms that only referenced the guidelines’
enactment. Additionally, firms with either a potentially greater following or that had a previous history of acrimonious relations
with stakeholders were rewarded by the announcement of the enactment of guidelines. 相似文献
993.
Lu and Beamish (2001) examined the effect of two internationalization strategies, exporting and foreign direct investment
(FDI), on SME performance (ROA). We extend this research by examining the differential effects of these strategies on two
other dimensions of SME performance: growth and ROS. We develop and test four sets of hypotheses using a sample of 164 Japanese
SMEs. We find that exporting activity has a positive impact on growth, but negative impact on profitability. FDI activity
has a positive relationship with growth, but a U curve relationship with profitability. Exporting activity has a positive
moderating effect on the relationship between an SME’s FDI activity and firm growth, a negative moderating effect on the relationship
between an SME’s FDI activity and firm profitability. An SME’s age when it starts to make FDIs has a negative moderating impact
on the relationship between FDI and firm growth and profitability. 相似文献
994.
PD Dr. Michael Br?uninger ist Leiter des Kompetenzbereichs Wirtschaftliche Trends und Hamburg am Hamburgischen WeltWirtschafts-Institut und Dr. Silvia Stiller ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Schwerpunkt Wirtschaftsraum Europa des Hamburgischen Welt-Wirtschafts-Archivs. 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2006,86(4):260-265
995.
Die herrschende Meinung geht davon aus, dass durch die Umlage der F?rderung nach dem Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) auf
die Letztverbraucher die Strombezugskosten der Unternehmen steigen und ihre Wettbewerbsf?higkeit sinkt. Wie setzt sich der
Strompreis zusammen und wovon ist die Strompreisbildung abh?ngig? Welche Wirkung hat das EEG auf den Gro?handelsstrompreis? 相似文献
996.
The 99 price ending as a signal of a low-price appeal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert M. Schindler 《Journal of Retailing》2006,82(1):71-77
There is evidence that the rightmost digits, or endings, of retail prices can communicate meanings to consumers. To better understand how such meanings are formed, this paper addresses the question of how the 99 price ending can have a low-price meaning even though 99-ending prices tend to be higher rather than lower competitive prices. Analysis of two large samples of newspaper price advertising indicates that there is a strong and robust correlation between the use of the 99 price ending and the presence of a low-price appeal such as a claimed discount. It is suggested that the salience of price advertising leads it to dominate other sources of information in the consumer's learning of price-ending meanings. 相似文献
997.
This paper adopts a qualitative approach to uncover the experiences of founders of international new ventures or born global
firms. The data which are based on in-depth interviews, focus on the major characters, events and surrounding conditions from
the time the firm is conceived until it becomes involved with foreign markets. From these data, the major elements contributing
to the creation of an international new venture are identified. 相似文献
998.
In this paper it is argued that even though the consumer cannot (anymore) be reduced to a homo oeconomicus, competition law is the cornerstone of consumer law and that the decentralised application of EC competition law since 1 May 2004 (pursuant to Regulation 1/2003) gives new opportunities for an effective application of the EC competition rules to the benefit of consumers. While the EC Treaty (and the future Constitution for Europe) aim to protect consumers in the framework of the internal market programme, as well as on the basis of a genuine consumer protection policy, it is submitted that an effective competition policy remains crucial for consumers in a market economy. Consumer interests are generally diffuse and therefore difficult to protect via legal procedures. Nevertheless a further development of remedies which are already available in Community law (nullity of restrictive agreements, claims for damages, actions for a cease and desist order, and so on) will contribute to an increased application of the competition rules in the interest of consumers. 相似文献
999.
This study measures social desirability bias (SD bias) by comparing the level of discipline sales managers believe they would administer when supervising unethical selling behavior with the level of discipline they perceive other sales managers would select. Results indicate the presence of SD bias; the sales manager respondents consistently claimed that they would be stricter while their peers would be more lenient. Using an analytical technique that takes social desirability bias into account, it appears that sales managers use of discipline is affected by the sales performance of the salesperson being disciplined resulting in more lenient discipline for top sales performers. In addition, the more lenient treatment for top sales performers persists even when there is a pattern of a prior ethical infraction and the existence of an explicit organizational policy proscribing the act in question. Sales managers believe that, like themselves, others would be stricter when an unethical act is committed for the second time but not as strict as they personally would be. A within-subjects interaction effect indicates more SD bias under the condition of the unethical act being committed for the second time. 相似文献
1000.
Resource extraction companies worldwide are involved with Indigenous peoples. Historically these interactions have been antagonistic, yet there is a growing public expectation for improved ethical performance of resource industries to engage with Indigenous peoples. (Crawley and Sinclair, Journal of Business Ethics 45, 361–373 (2003)) proposed an ethical model for human resource practices with Indigenous peoples in Australian mining companies. This paper expands on this work by re-framing the discussion within the context of sustainable development, extending it to Canada, and generalizing to other resource industries. We argue that it is unethical to sacrifice the viability of Indigenous cultures for industrial resource extraction; it is ethical to engage with indigenous peoples in a manner consistent with their wishes and needs as they perceive them. We apply these ideas to a case study in the coastal temperate rainforest of Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia, Canada. In this case a scientific panel comprised of Nuu-Chah-Nulth elders, forest scientists and management professionals, achieved full consensus on developing sustainable forest practice standards by drawing equally on Indigenous traditional ecological knowledge and Western science in the context of one of the most heated and protracted environmental conflicts in Canadian history. The resulting sustainable forest practice standards were later adopted by leading forestry firms operating on the coast. Our analysis of this scientific panels success provides the basis for advancing an ethical approach to sustainable development with Indigenous peoples. This ethical approach is applicable to companies working in natural resource industries where the territories of Indigenous peoples are involved.David Lertzman Ph.D. is Adjunct Assistant Professor of Environmental Management and Sustainable Development and Senior Associate with the TransCanada International Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Studies at the Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary. He teaches courses on Sustainable Development With Indigenous Peoples at the Graduate and Undergraduate levels, and in the MSc Program in Sustainable Energy Development for Latin America and the Caribbean. Dr. Lertzman also teaches a Wilderness Retreat on Leadership for Sustainable Development in the MBA program. He is a private consultant and has worked in many Indigenous communities, mostly in Western Canada.Harrie Vredenburg Ph.D. is Professor and Suncor Energy Chair in Competitive Strategy and Sustainable Development at the Haskayne School of Business at the University of Calgary where he is also Director of the TransCanada International Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Studies. He teaches in Haskaynes MBA and PhD programs. He is also Academic Chair of the MSc program in Sustainable Energy Development for Latin America and the Caribbean offered by the Haskayne School of Business at the Quito Ecuador campus of regional partner, the Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE). He regularly teaches in the Latin American program. 相似文献